GradeNinjaRevision guides › GCSE biology

GCSE biology revision questions

Free GCSE biology practice for Year 11, nine months out from the May/June 2027 exams. Every question below comes from GradeNinja's own bank - 2,074 Biology questions across 30 topics.

What to prioritise in Biology

Biology carries more pure recall than the other two sciences, which makes it the best possible fit for spaced retrieval practice. The content is not hard; there is simply a lot of it, and it fades fast if you meet each topic once.

The required practicals are worth targeting early. They come up reliably, they are finite, and most people leave them until they are panicking in April.

Exam board

Our Biology questions follow the AQA specification. If your school uses a different board most of the content still overlaps, but check your own spec.

How to use these

Answer before you open the explanation. The moment of not-quite-knowing is the part that does the work, and skipping to the answer skips the learning.

Anything you get wrong, come back to tomorrow rather than immediately. Getting it right straight after seeing the answer proves nothing.

The nine months ahead

Biology practice questions

Real questions from GradeNinja's own bank, with the answer and the explanation the app gives. Tap to reveal.

Question 1 · Evolution & Genetics
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
  1. Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the observable characteristic
  2. Genotype is the physical trait; phenotype is the gene sequence
  3. They are different words for the same thing
  4. Genotype refers to the environment; phenotype to genes
Show the answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the observable characteristic

Genotype is the set of alleles an organism carries (e.g. Bb). Phenotype is the physical or observable expression of those alleles (e.g. brown hair).

Question 2 · Homeostasis & Response
Dialysis works by:
  1. Replacing the kidneys with new ones
  2. Filtering the blood through a partially permeable membrane against dialysis fluid
  3. Injecting chemicals directly into the bladder
  4. Using ultrasound to break down urea
Show the answer

Filtering the blood through a partially permeable membrane against dialysis fluid

In dialysis, blood flows through a machine containing a partially permeable membrane. Dialysis fluid on the other side has the correct concentrations of useful substances. Urea and excess ions diffuse from the blood into the fluid down concentration gradients, but useful substances like glucose are retained.

Question 3 · Cell Biology
Active transport moves substances:
  1. Against a concentration gradient, using energy from respiration
  2. Down a concentration gradient, using no energy
  3. Through a membrane by osmosis
  4. Only in plant root hair cells
Show the answer

Against a concentration gradient, using energy from respiration

Active transport moves substances from low to high concentration (against the gradient) using ATP from respiration. It requires carrier proteins in the membrane. An example is mineral ion uptake by root hair cells.

Question 4 · Inheritance
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele. Two carrier parents (Ff) have a child. What is the probability the child has cystic fibrosis?
  1. 100%
  2. 75%
  3. 50%
  4. 25%
Show the answer

25%

Both parents are Ff (carriers). Using a Punnett square: FF, Ff, Ff, ff. Only ff gives cystic fibrosis. That is 1 out of 4 possible combinations = 25% probability. The other 75% are either normal (FF) or carriers (Ff).

Question 5 · Organisation
In comparing the structures of arteries, veins, and capillaries, which correctly matches the vessel to its distinctive feature?
  1. Capillaries: walls only one cell thick to allow exchange of substances with tissues
  2. Arteries: have valves to prevent backflow
  3. Veins: have thick elastic muscular walls to withstand high pressure
  4. Capillaries: carry blood at the highest pressure
Show the answer

Capillaries: walls only one cell thick to allow exchange of substances with tissues

Capillary walls are one endothelial cell thick — ideal for diffusion of oxygen, glucose, and CO₂ between blood and tissues. Veins have valves (not arteries). Arteries have thick muscular/elastic walls. Blood pressure is highest in arteries, lowest in veins.

Question 6 · Organisation
The enzyme amylase breaks down starch in the mouth. In which other organ is amylase also produced?
  1. Pancreas
  2. Stomach
  3. Large intestine
  4. Liver
Show the answer

Pancreas

Amylase is produced by salivary glands (in the mouth) and the pancreas. Pancreatic amylase is secreted into the small intestine to continue starch digestion. The stomach produces protease (pepsin) and hydrochloric acid.

Question 7 · Ecology & Ecosystems
In the capture-recapture method, the estimated population size equals:
  1. Number in first sample × number in second sample ÷ number of recaptured marked individuals
  2. Number of marked individuals ÷ total caught
  3. Number in second sample × number of recaptured marked individuals
  4. Number in first sample + number in second sample
Show the answer

Number in first sample × number in second sample ÷ number of recaptured marked individuals

The Lincoln index formula is: estimated population = (number in first sample × number in second sample) ÷ number of recaptured marked individuals. This assumes no births, deaths, immigration or emigration between samples.

Question 8
In the same practical, why are inoculated Petri dishes normally incubated at a maximum of 25°C in school laboratories, rather than at 37°C?
  1. 25°C kills all bacteria present
  2. To reduce the likelihood of growth of pathogens that could harm humans at body temperature
  3. Bacteria cannot grow at all below 37°C
  4. 25°C causes the agar to dissolve
Show the answer

To reduce the likelihood of growth of pathogens that could harm humans at body temperature

Incubating below 37°C in school conditions discourages the growth of pathogens that thrive at human body temperature, reducing risk to students handling the cultures.

Free to sign up

44,980 questions across 28 GCSE subjects, XP, boss battles and friend challenges. No card needed.

Start revising free →

Common questions

How should I revise Biology for GCSE?

Short, frequent sessions of active recall beat long sessions of re-reading. Test yourself, check, and revisit anything you got wrong a day or two later rather than immediately.

Which exam board are these Biology questions for?

AQA. Content overlaps heavily between boards, so they are still useful on another spec, but check your own specification for anything board-specific.

When are the GCSE exams?

GCSEs are sat across May and June, so for the current Year 11 that means May/June 2027. Exact paper dates come from the exam boards and your school.

How many questions are there in the app?

2,074 in Biology alone, and 44,980 across 28 GCSE subjects. Signing up is free.

More guides: All revision guidesThe 2027 planBuild a timetable